Explain 2G (GSM) optimization principles lect1

GSM optimization principles 

first in 2G optimization and the first  behavior we must study is  the IDLE Mode
the Main tasks for Mobile Station (MS) in idle Mode are :
1- PLMN selection.
2-Cell selection
3-Cell re-selection.
4- location updating.
5- Monitor the incoming page .
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First : PLMN selection :

When the mobile is switched on it will select the registered PLMN in the mobile if there exists one. 
when you put the SIM card in the MS the MS will read the IMSI(The International Mobile Subscriber Identity) which already identified for the SIM card .
the IMSI = MCC+MNC+MSIN
MCC: mobile country code .
MNC: mobile network code .
MSIN: mobile subscriber identity .
EX: 602 + 02+ ******** 
Vodafone in Egypt MCC = 602 , and MNC =02 
every cell in the network has CGI(Cell Global identity) 
the CGI= MCC+MNC+LAC+CI
LAC: location area code 
CI: cell identity
- when the MS is powered on it will search in all frequencies about his HOME PLMN 
it will read the MCC and MNC and compare them with the stored before on the SIM card and also after camping on it the MS will compare the LAC currently with the old one which stored before deactivation .
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A MS need to make a PLMN selection in two cases :
1- it is the first time that the MS is powered on 
2- there is no coverage for its HOME PLMN 
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there are two ways to do PLMN selection 
1- Manual PLMN selection Mode : 
In the manual mode the mobile will try to connect to the Home PLMN first. If it is unsuccessful then it will provide a list of available PLMN and ask the user to choose one. If the second chosen PLMN is not successful then the mobile will make an indication to the user to select another PLMN. Until the users selects another network a message “No Access” will be displayed. If there is no GSM or DCS coverage at all then a message “No Network” will be displayed 

The  MS do frequency scan and search about a frequency which  belong to its HOME PLMN 
and if you chose another network this network will reject you .




2- Automatic PLMN selection Mode :
The priority will be :
-The last network on which you were registered
- Home PLMN
- Each PLMN stored in the SIM card in priority order
 -Other PLMN with signal level above -85 dBm in random order

- All other PLMN in decreasing signal strength
each PLMN stored in the SIM card with its priority order
the MS will Compare all MCC and MNC and will chose the frequency which belong to its HOME PLMN  




in automatic PLMN selection the MS scan all frequencies and chose the Frequency with 
SS(signal strength) > -85db  
so in the air ports and Hotels when you traveled to another country the other network try to make its frequencies better than -85db , but the MS will camp on the network which has agreements with its SIM card.

in the same country we called it National Roaming and the MCC will be the same but the different here is the MNC .
and if the MS camp on another PLMN due to bad coverage or any cause there is a timer = 30 minutes when it count the MS back again to search about its HOME PLMN

T= default = 30 minutes 
will be continue ( cell selection and re selection criteria)

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Telecom Engineer  



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